We take a deep dive into the world of serious and unexpected adverse events, termed 'black swan' events, and their profound impact on drug safety, healthcare, and patient care.


Serious and unexpected adverse drug reactions – the ‘black swans’ of pharmacovigilance – can place enormous strain on safety monitoring systems. Drawing examples from the COVID-19 pandemic, François Montastruc from Toulouse University Hospital explains how we can get better at dealing with the unexpected.

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